Category Ocular Adnexal and Orbital Disease

Summary Injuries to the eye can pose a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately and in a timely manner. Ocular trauma is also an easily tested topic in the Duke-Elder exam. Here, we summarise the important classes of…

Summary n Eyelid malposition is the abnormal positioning of the eyelids. In this article, we will describe ptosis, ectropion and entropion. n Ptosis nPtosis is an abnormally low position of the upper eyelid. n Measurements nn n Margin reflex distance…

Summary Conditions such as infection, inflammation, involutional changes, trauma or malignancy can result in eyelash dysfunction. Therefore, understanding of lid margin anatomy and the various eyelash disorders is essential for a robust clinical examination of the external eye. n Anatomy…