Summary There are several genetic disorders with ocular manifestations that are important to learn about for the Duke-Elder exam. Here, we summarise the key learning points about these conditions. Stickler syndrome n Stickler syndrome is a group of hereditary connective…
Summary Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause that has numerous clinical features, but mostly affects the lungs, eyes, lymph nodes and skin. Sarcoidosis is one of the commonest systemic associations of uveitis. Aetiology n Sarcoidosis is a…
Summary Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious retinochoroiditis (inflammation of the retina and the choroid) worldwide. It is caused by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Where treatment is indicated, toxoplasmosis is managed with the triad of systemic pyrimethamine,…
n Summary Reactive arthritis is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy that typically develops after a genitourinary or gastrointestinal infection. The classic triad of symptoms are arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis. Aetiology n Reactive arthritis (formerly known as Reiter’s syndrome) is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy…
Summary n Behçet’s disease is an idiopathic, multisystem disease characterised by recurrent aphthous oral ulcers, genital ulceration and uveitis. Background n Behçet’s disease is an idiopathic, multisystem disease characterised by recurrent aphthous oral ulcers, genital ulceration and uveitis. Vasculitis of…
Summary Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune, HLA-B27 associated chronic inflammatory disease characterised by inflammation and stiffening of the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is associated with many systemic and ocular features. The most common ocular feature is acute anterior uveitis.…